Ch-12.8 D Pharm Pharmacology

Topic: Penicillins

Penicillin is a medication used to manage and treat a wide range of infections. It is in the beta-lactam antibiotic class of drugs. Originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.

 Classification of drugs:

1. ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE:

a) Natural: Penicillin-G, Penicillin-V

b) Semi-synthetic: Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Ampicillin,

     Amoxycillin, Carbencillin, Piperacillin

2. ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION:

a) Oral: Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin-V, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin,

b) Parenteral: Penicillin-G, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Carbencillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

3. SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY:

a) Narrow Spectrum: Methicillin Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin

b) Broad Spectrum: Ampicillin, Amoxycillin

c) Intermediate Spectrum: Penicillin-G, Penicillin-V

d) Extended Spectrum: Carbencillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, Mezlocillin

4. RESISTANCE TO ENZYMES:

a) Resistance to β-Lactamase: Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin

b) Non- Resistance to β-Lactamase: Penicillin-G, Penicillin-V, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin

     Carbencillin

5. RESISTANCE TO ACIDS:

a) Acid Stable: Penicillin-V, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin

b) Acid Unstable: Penicillin-G, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Carbencillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin